Anatomy of Flowering Plants

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Medullary rays: These are few layers of radially placed parenchymatous

cells in between vascular bundles.

Vascular bundles: Large in number. They are arranged in a ring. Ring

arrangement is a characteristic of dicot stem. Each vascular bundle is

conjoint, open, and with endarch protoxylem.

Pith: Central portion of the stem. It has many rounded, parenchymatous

cells with large intercellular spaces.

MØÑØÇØTÝLËDØÑØÜS (MØÑØÇØT) STËM

Epidermis

Hypodermis

Vascular

bundles

Ground

tissue

Epidermis

Hypodermis

Vascular bundles

Phloem

Xylem

Ground tissue

It has a sclerenchymatous hypodermis, many scattered

vascular bundles, each surrounded by a sclerenchymatous

bundle sheath, and a large, conspicuous parenchymatous

ground tissue. (NEET 2020)

The phloem parenchyma is absent, and water-containing

cavities are present within the vascular bundles.

(AIPMT 2012)

Vascular bundles are conjoint & closed. Peripheral

vascular bundles are smaller than centrally located ones.

DÏÇØTÝLËDØÑØÜS (DØRSÏVËÑTRÅL) LËÅF

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The vertical section of a dicot leaf through lamina shows 3 main parts:

Epidermis, mesophyll & vascular system.